Pve 扩容虚拟机硬盘-无LVM
背景
pve 上的 k8s 虚拟机分配的硬盘容量告急，需要进行扩容操作。操作系统为 Debian 12。 虚拟机硬盘原始大小为 96G，计划扩容为 128G。
操作方式
先在 PVE GUI 页面上对特定硬盘增加容量。
进入虚拟机终端，查看 dmesg 日志，可以发现系统检测到了硬盘容量变更。
root@rancher-homelab-1:~# dmesg | grep 'capacity change' [3419061.180984] sda: detected capacity change from 201326592 to 268435456
使用 fdisk 命令查看当前分区，显示仍为 96G。
root@rancher-homelab-2:~# fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xda2259ac Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 201326591 201324544 96G 83 Linux
使用 fdisk 命令进行分区扩容。
root@rancher-homelab-1:~# fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.38.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea. It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap partitions on this disk. Command (m for help):
先输入 p 命令打印分区信息。可以看到识别到硬盘 /dev/sda 大小为 128G，但分区 /dev/sda1 只有 95G。
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xda2259ac Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 201326591 201324544 95G 83 Linux
输入 d 命令删除分区，并输入 p 检查分区是否已删除。
Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Partition 1 has been deleted. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xda2259ac
输入 n 命令创建分区，选择 primary
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-268435455, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-268435455, default 268435455):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 128 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: N
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xda2259ac
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 268435455 268433408 128G 83 Linux
输入 a 命令将该分区标记为 bootable。
Command (m for help): a Selected partition 1 The bootable flag on partition 1 is enabled now. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xda2259ac Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 268435455 268433408 128G 83 Linux
输入 w 命令写入新的分区。
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Syncing disks.
使用 df 命令查看文件系统仍然显示为 95G。
root@rancher-homelab-2:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.2G 8.5M 3.2G 1% /run /dev/sda1 95G 55G 36G 61% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/0
执行命令 resize2fs /dev/sda1
root@rancher-homelab-2:~# resize2fs /dev/sda1 resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023) Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 12, new_desc_blocks = 16 The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 33554176 (4k) blocks long.
重新使用 df 命令检查，可以观察到正确识别为 126G。
root@rancher-homelab-2:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.2G 8.5M 3.2G 1% /run /dev/sda1 126G 55G 66G 46% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/0